Physics Lessons - 3009 Words

University of the Philippines College of Science PHYSICS 72 SET A Second Semester 2010-2011 First Long Examination National Institute of Physics 2nd Sem AY 2010-2011 Physics 72 INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the best answer and shade the corresponding circle on your answer sheet. To change your answer, cross-out and sign your original answer and then shade your new answer. No computational devices allowed (e.g. calculators, mobile phones). Following instructions is part of the exam. Useful formulas: Area Sphere (radius = r) Cylinder (radius =r, height = h) 1. Volume Useful constants: e me ÃŽ µo k -1.60 x 10-19 C 9.1 x 10-31 kg 8.854 x 10-12 C2/Nm2 8.988 x 109 Nm2/C2 Consider three identical metal spheres, A, B, and C. Sphere A†¦show more content†¦Electric fields passing through a Gaussian box (pointed inward) as shown in the figure to the right. Which of the following is a possible charge system inside the box? A. +4e and -3e B. 3e, -4e and +2e C. 16e, -23e and +7e D. +13e, -34e and +20e E. Cannot be determined 12. Find my charge. Two parallel infinite line of charge are separated by a distance 2L. A point P is located at exactly midway between the two lines of charge as shown in the figure. The charge density of line of charge 1 is +3ÃŽ ». What should by the charge density of charge 2 if the net electric field at point P is given by A. +3ÃŽ » B. -3ÃŽ » C. +(3/2)ÃŽ » D. –(3/2)ÃŽ » E. 0ÃŽ » â‚ ¬ ï  ¶ E = 0? 3|A 13. Rank the E-field. Consider a solid with a total charge Q and radius figure. Rank the points W, X, Y and magnitude of electric field. Point Y the conductor. A. Y=X=WZ B. ZY=X=W C. ZYX=W D. W=XYZ E. YZX=W conducting sphere R as shown in the Z according to the is on the surface of 14. Concentric. Consider two concentric metal spheres. Spheres 1 and 2 are both hollow as shown in the figure. A negative point charge (-e) is located at the center of the two spheres. Initially, spheres 1 (S1) and 2 (S2) have charges +2e and –e respectively. At static equilibrium, what is the charge at the outer surface of sphere 2? A. –e B. +e C. -2e D. +2e E. zero 15. Applications of Gauss’s Law. A point charge –Q and an infinite line of charge with linear charge density +ÃŽ » are situated a distance 2L from each other. What isShow MoreRelatedLesson Plan in Physics (Logic Gates)2757 Words   |  12 PagesLESSON PLAN I. Objectives At the end of the lesson, 80% should be able to: A. Differentiate the three basic logic gates B. Construct truth tables for each kind of logic gates C. Develop cooperation during class discussion II. Subject Matter A. Unit: Electricity and Magnetism B. Topic: Electronic Logic Circuits C. Concepts 1. AND gate works like a series circuit. 2. OR gate works like a parallel circuit. 3. NOT gate produces output opposite the input. D. Materials 1. Improvised logic gates (AND,Read MoreThe Study Of Physics Of Preschool Classrooms : Pedagogy And Lesson Planning1603 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy of Physics of Preschool Classrooms: Pedagogy and Lesson Planning† writing by, Matthew Schultz he shows how interesting and integrating it would be to teach preschoolers physics. I found this to be a very unique idea and concept of teaching young people. As stated by Schultz, â€Å"Keep in mind that preschool-aged children think that their teachers are simply an aspect of the classroom, existing only for that role, rising and setting just for them†(Schultz). With teaching preschooler’s physics, it willRead MoreThe Infinite Stupidity of Humans and the Universe Essay2754 Words   |  12 Pagesa complex one, because of the kind of research that is involved. The research will describe the career of astrophysics, what is required to become a successful astrophysicists and the impact this career has on society. The study of astronomy and physics begins with the ancient Greeks. Their view was that the Earth was the center of the universe. It wasn’t until the Renaissance when a few in western civilization, ever thought that the sun might be the center of planetary motion. Around 150 A.D. PtolemyRead MoreThe Effect Of Practical Work On Students Performance9732 Words   |  39 Pages EFFECT OF PRACTICAL WORK ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN PHYSICS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN MURANG’A EAST SUB-COUNTY, KENYA. MUCHAI AUGUSTINE NG’ETHE REG. No. E83/20087/2012 A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE SCHOOL OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF KENYATTA UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2014 DECLARATION I declare that this research thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in anyRead MoreNetwork Theory Information Flow Based Theory And Control Theory2177 Words   |  9 Pagesthat their behavior is constrained by the laws of physics. According to David A Mindell, â€Å"The era of cyberspace and the internet, with its emphasis on computer as a communication device and as a vehicle for human interactions connect to a longer history of control systems that generated computers as networked communication device.† The commerce, entertainment and friendship these three different subjects from history has taught us three basic lessons 1. Cyber system should be a part of systems designRead More Physics, Love, and Richard Feynman Essay4935 Words   |  20 PagesPhysics, Love, and Richard Feynman Introduction Physics. Love. These two words sum up the entities that Richard Feynman held most important throughout his entire life. An extraordinary individual, Feynman was able to combine an incredible mind with an incredible personality to achieve ends bordering on the magical. After Feynmans death in 1988, physicist Hans Bethe, paraphrasing the mathematician Mark Kac, spoke of two kinds of geniuses. He explained that the ordinary kind does great thingsRead MoreEssay about Personal Statement: Goals in Nuclear Engineering503 Words   |  3 Pageschallenging science and mathematics curricula available. My interest in engineering and nuclear energy began in my first chemistry class. I experienced a brief lesson on nuclear chemistry. The knowledge then expanded in an Advanced Placement Chemistry class. In physics I did a project on nuclear fusion. The paper discussed concepts of nuclear physics never taught to me. I worked hard to grasp the difficult theories, and my grades exhibit dedication to furthering this competence. Mankind has limitlessRead MorePertinent Portfolio for Field Study3331 Words   |  14 PagesCebu Primary : Lunas II Elementary School 2006 Lunas, Asturias, Cebu CHARACTER REFERENCES Mr. Randy Muà ±asque Church Pastor Consolacion, Cebu Ms. Rosemary Cuizon TNHS English Teacher Tugbongan, Consolacion, Cebu Mr. Roy B. Garbo TNHS Physics Teacher Tayud, Consolacion, Cebu STATEMENT OF PURPOSE OF THE PORTFOLIO We are assigned to observe the Tugbongan Elementary School, and because of those observations we get some ideas from the class that we had observed. And because of those experiencesRead MoreThe Field Of Business Contains Various Paths That Are Interconnected1560 Words   |  7 Pagesthat is vital to a company and can be the difference between success and failure. Through analyzing the TED Talk â€Å"What Physics Taught Me About Marketing† by Dan Cobley, it is apparent that there is always a thing or two to learn in our own discourse communities. Cobley not only explains the usefulness of utilizing other disciplines, but he also effectively teaches applicable lessons about the field of marketing. Most people think of marketing as just the final product or just the advertisement thatRead MoreBlowing Bottle Tops: Making Music with Glass Bottles716 Words   |  3 Pagespaper will explain how this works. The paper will be talking about sound, sound waves, standing waves, musical note names and frequencies, resonance, and closed-end air columns. Closed-end air columns will be a main focus in the paper, studying the physics behind it. Glass bottles are an example of a closed-end air column. Therefore, the more water inside the bottle, the lower the note, and less water would be a higher note. Closed-end air can be many things; ranging from brass instruments, woodwind

Minority Cultures in Pittsburgh - 2149 Words

Minority Culture --- Jewish Theme 1 --- Holidays/Traditions There is no way to define someone as â€Å"Jewish† in terms of race; there is no â€Å"Jewish race.† Judaism has a long history; Jewish identity is a combination of this history as well as religious and ethnic variables. There are also several different ways to practice Judaism such as Orthodox, Reformed, Liberal, and Masorti. The Orthodo Jews often follow most strictly the laws and observances of Judaism and will often times send their child to privates Jewish schools at synagogues, therefore it is most likely that I would encounter students that practice as less strict form of Judaism (Chinn, Gollnick p.254). According to 2009 religious affiliation information from the US Census,†¦show more content†¦Her mother is said have been helped by the angel Gabriel. Abraham is born with a light emanating from him and in her confusion; his mother leaves him in the cave. The angel Gabriel is said to make it that milk will flow from Abraham’s finger so that h e will not starve. The legend also states that Abraham knew in infancy of the â€Å"one true God.† Abraham was later reunited with his family and made it his mission to convert everyone to his faith (Goldstein p. 49). Later, Abraham received a divine command to circumcise himself and all his male descendants with the promise that this would lead to future greatness. Shortly after Abraham had fulfilled this command he and his wife, Sarah, changed their names (previously Abram and Sarai). Name-changing is an important Jewish custom as well and will be discussed later (Goldstein p. 50). Shortly after, their first son Isaac was born, and it is said that God tested Abraham by commanding him to kill his son. When Abraham was about to go through with the command the angel Gabriel stopped him (Goldstein p. 50-51). The Jewish people trace their ancestry to Abraham through his son Isaac (Abraham also had another son, Ishmael with a servant girl who the Muslims trace their ancest ry) (Goldstein p. 54). The legends of Abraham are very important in the Jewish faith because it is the basis of their entire religion. Abraham is seen as the firstShow MoreRelated The American Education Systems Multicultural Perplexity Essay785 Words   |  4 PagesCaucasian population. There were hardly any minorities in the school system, and as a result the minorities there did not receive a culturally diverse education. It was much easier for the teacher to teach to the majority in the methods that the majority could understand. These minorities had to assimilate to our practices our fail. This hardly solves the problem of educating students so they can provide for their future families. Of course the minorities in the school are not going to be as adeptRead MoreRosenquists Painting F-111: An Analysis872 Words   |  4 Pageslipstick and appears just like children whose parents enter them into beauty pageants at a young age. The spaghetti with red sauce was becoming a stand ard meal for Americans, and the thick car tire represents the supremacy of the automobile in American culture. 3. While there are parts of the Rosenquist F-111 composition that are disturbing, there are no panels or elements I do not like from an aesthetic perspective. The girl under the hair dryer is the most disturbing, not just because a young child isRead MoreRacism And All The Other Isms 999 Words   |  4 Pageswho was originally from another culture background, going to school here in the U.S was the biggest change for me. Where I came from there is only one type of ethnic group in my school, everyone around me seem to be just like me. We dressed the same, we shared the same culture and language. It’s seem like going to a school where everyone surrounding is are the same would be great but honestly it did not. Many of my friends would often judged people who are minority who went to my school, and saidRead MoreBarbara Sizemore : An Effective School System Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesteacher, Sizemore became the first black female principal in Chicago (NLVP). She served as principal at Forestville High School to turn a hostile environment into a positive educational environment (NLVP). She conducted research at the University of Pittsburgh on schools that taught low income African American Students (Duquesne University). Barbara certainly did not stop here; she continued to better Chicago’s school system and the structure of low income schools for years to come (Bradley, 1996). 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So is the fact that officers who repeatedly commit human rights violations tend to be a small minority, but are still routinely protected by the silence of their fellow officers and by flawed systems of reporting. Another pervasive shortcoming is the scarcity of meaningful information about trends in abuse. Data is also lacking regarding the policeRead MoreThe Latino Model: Roberto Clemente Essay1571 Words   |  7 Pages During the mid-1950’s, Major League Baseball was in the midst of an influential movement. Jackie Robinson had broken baseball’s â€Å"color barrier† in 1947, which helped usher in the participation of other minorities, especially the Latinos. Just as the blacks were faced with adversity, the Latino players experienced the same. The teams integrated slowly and sportswriters often scorned the players having difficult y developing English as a second language (Regalado 678). 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Logarithmic functions Free Essays

John Napier is the man credited to have contributed hugely to the fields of science, philosophy and mathematics. Many believe that he is the brainchild of the modern computer science since he helped in making multiplication, division and root extraction much easier especially for very large numbers. In the world of mathematics the genius of a man, John Napier is credited to have invented the logarithms as early as 1614 and states in his book The â€Å"Descriptio† that he started contemplating the idea of logarithms twenty years earlier which was in the year 1594. We will write a custom essay sample on Logarithmic functions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using Napier’s table in his book, calculations were made using the logarithm identities. These are the present first and second laws of logarithms: Log XY = Log X + Log Y as well as Log X / Y =Log X – Log Y. In his book â€Å"the Descriptio†John Napier defined logarithmic function as a differential equation. When the base is â€Å"b† and the variable is â€Å"x† the logarithm to the base â€Å"b† of the variable â€Å"x† can be defined as the â€Å"power to which you would raise â€Å"b† to get â€Å"x†. Other scientists define logarithm as â€Å"the exponent to which the base must be raised to produce a given number†(Standler, B.R 1990). That is expressed as: if Logbx   = n the bn = x or if Y = bLogx = by = x. there are three laws of logarithm that scientists use in interpreting logarithm: These laws are: The product to sum rule – This law expresses that the product of a logarithm is equal to the sum of the individual logarithms and is expressed as: Log bXY = Log b X+ Log b Y The second law – The quotient of different rule: states that the logarithm of a quotient is the same as subtracting the logarithm of the denominator from the logarithm of the numerator; Logbx/y = Log bx – Logby The third and final law – The power rule; states that logarithm of x equals to the exponent of that power multiplied to the logarithm of x Log bXn =nLogb X Common logarithms As earlier identified a logarithm to be valid must contain a base and a variable. Logarithms are classified into two: Natural logarithms and Common logarithm. In common logarithms the base of the logarithm is assumed to be 10 when not indicated in a function, that is â€Å"log 100 = 2 if the base is not indicated† since if log 10100 = x therefore 10x = 100 hence x = 2. Common logarithm is more prevalent when using arithmetic series as opposed to geometric series. Natural logarithms In the common logarithm system the base is expressed as b whereas in natural logarithms the base number is expressed as â€Å"e†. This number â€Å"e† comes into use after the great mathematician from Switzerland by the name Leonhard Euler. Currently â€Å"e† is the base used in calculus and has since been named as â€Å"natural base†. The value â€Å"e† Can be calculated from a series of factorials starting from one (1) This is; â€Å"e† = 1 + 1/1 +  ½ +1/3 +  ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and from this, the value of â€Å"e† is approximately 2.71828182845904. Currently, when Mathematicians calculate the natural logarithm of a number they indicate it as (log x) whereas physicists and engineers denote natural logarithms as lnX. Therefore log eX=ln X(Olds, C.D.1963) Logarithms make multiplication and division easier especially when using very big numbers, very small numbers and those with decimal points. Scientists use of the 1st and 2nd laws of logarithms when adding the logarithms of the numbers the result is the logarithm of the product of those numbers whereas. Subtracting the logarithms of two numbers gives the logarithm of the quotient of the numbers. These arithmetic properties of logarithms make such calculations much faster and less laborious. Although logarithm table are slowly becoming obsolete due to the invention of calculators and computers, logarithms themselves are still very useful. However, for manual calculations which also require a great degree of precision the logarithm tables are easier since one only needs to look up in the logarithm table and do some summation which are faster and easier than performing multiplication (Weisstein, E.W 2007). Other than making calculations less labor intensive and much faster the use of logarithms also increases the accuracy of the results of calculations. This is because the use of logarithms allows minimal errors as the values in the table are approximations of the actual values and thus the error is spread. The Keplers Rudolphine table that was published in 1627, made use of the logarithms and this resulted in more accurate values of latitudes of stars. They also together with Napier’s Analogues made it cheaper and easier to calculate angles and sides of spherical triangles. The importance of this new technique is evidenced by the development of logarithmic methods based on logarithmic scales enables multiplication to be quick and easy since there is decreased long multiplication. Logarithms are very essential in the work of astronomists, navigators, mathematicians and all other scientific fields like chemistry and physics. Logarithms for chemists Chemists use logarithms to calculate chemical reactions that are ever occurring in the world that we are living in. for instance the measure of acidity of a substance is made easier when using logarithms. In the PH scale substances have PH ranging from 0 –7. A juice with PH of 4 is 10 times more acidic that the one with a PH of 5. This PH scale is logarithmic and when there is a PH change of 1 unit the acidity changes by factor of 10. As identified by students of chemistry the strength of the acidity changes towards the negative direction that is the higher the PH, the less acidic the solution. This was calculated by use of very small numbers such as 0.00001 that is written in logarithmic form as (1 x 10-5) where –5 is the logarithm of the number (Standler B.R.1990). As we all know acidic solutions contain hydrogen ions H+(aq) and the pH is found by measuring the logarithm of the concentration of these ions and since many people would be confused by negative numbers, the PH is written assuming the negative sign and this not withstanding, the PH is a logarithmic scale and the acidity of a solution with a given PH is different from that of the next pH number not by 1unit but by factor 10. Electrical and Electronic engineers use decibels and bels as units of measurements. The bell is devised in a convenient way to measure power loss in a telephone system wiring rather than giving in amplifiers – originally, the bel used to represent the amount of signal power loss due to resistance over a standard length of electrical cable, however, it is presently defined in terms of logarithms of base 10. The Richter scale that is used to measure the earthquake intensity is a perfect analogy of the bel scale. The 6.0 Richter earthquakes are 10 times more powerful than a 5.0 Richter earthquake. This means that an advantage of using a logarithmic measurement scale is the tremendous range of extension affordable by a relatively small span of numerous values. Reference: Strandler, R.B 1990 â€Å"Editorial†: Mathematics for engineers. The journal of Undergraduate mathematics and its application vol II, pages 1-6, spring Olds, C, D, 1963. Continued fractions, Random House New York Weisstein, Eric W. â€Å"Natural logarithm† from math world a wolfram web resource Accessed online on 23/09/07    How to cite Logarithmic functions, Essay examples

caeser Essay Example For Students

caeser Essay Julius Caesar was the dictator for life. 2 years later members of the senate assassinated him. A young boy named Octavian was 18 years old. Octavian was Caesars grandnephew but Octavian had always hoped Caesar would take him as a son. Octavian knew of everything that Caesar had done. From conquering Gaul to when he crossed the Publicans with his army, and also when he defeated his enemies and became the most powerful man in Rome. At the age of 14 Octavian had finally met his great-uncle and hero when he came back from Asia Minor and said the 3 famous words that summed up his victory, Veni, Vidi, Vici. Latin for I came, I saw, I conquered In Caesars will, Octavians dream had finally come true. Caesar had adopted him as his son. In Caesars will he left his money to a man named Marc Anthony. He was a powerful general at the time. He was a consul of Rome and successor to Caesar. Octavian knew he couldnt just get the money from Anthony. Octavian had no military experience or political experience. But he was now Julius Caesars son. As Rome once again fell into devastation, they needed someone who could pull Rome back together and take control. This led to the second triumvirate. The three men who were running in this were Lepidus, Octavian, and Marc Anthony. After Lepidus retired from running for dictator, it left only Octavian and Marc Anthony. As Marc Anthony and Cleopatra set out to take the throne in Rome, they went to western Rome in Asia Minor to win battles. Anthony won the battle of Armenia but soon after returned to Alexandria instead of Rome. When People had wondered why he had done this Octavian said to the senate Anthony intends to make Alexandria, instead of Rome, the capital of the Roman Empire. Cleopatra bewitches Anthony. Has he not bestowed upon her provinces, which belong to you, as Romans? Has he not deserted Octavian, his faithful wife, for that accursed female (Foster 114)? Anthony started moving his Egyptian fleet and 200 ships toward a city called Actium. Octavian had a fleet off 400 ships waiting for him, and Octavian soon won the battle. Anthony had heard that Cleopatra had killed herself, and without thought he killed himself so he could be with her. Cleopatra though, wasnt dead. She came back home to visit Anthonys tomb. She then went to her own tomb and poisoned herself. Octavian now stood alone, one ruler who now controlled all of Rome and now a new Roman province, Egypt.Octavian now was ruler of Rome. Since he was Julius Caesars adopted son, in January 27 BC the senate changed his name from Octavian to Augustus Caesar. From this point on, Pax Romana had begun. Pax Romana is Latin for Rome in peace. Peace was finally restored in Rome, and Augustus was the imperator. Imperator later became know as emperor. Augustus was the first emperor of Rome. The first thing Augustus did to restore peace was present to Rome a new constitution. This constitution transferred the State to the free disposal of the Senate and people (Augustus 370). There were still several civil wars but definitely not as many as before. He had many military operations continuing in many frontier areas. By the year 25 BC rebellious Alpine tribes were defeated and destroyed. In central Asia Minor an area named Galatia was annexed. But a place called Mauritania was changed from Roman provincial status to a client-kingdom, which had a dependent monarchy. Around the year 23 BC reports of conspiracies made him feel that new constitutional stops were necessary. He continued to End all his series of consulships in favor of a power in which disconnected altogether from office and its businesslike inconveniences. This gained power had raised Augustus to a new level. .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 , .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .postImageUrl , .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 , .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:hover , .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:visited , .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:active { border:0!important; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:active , .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921 .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4dcaa57df807d1bc35459d3a11589921:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Females And Their Animal Counterparts In Anime Analysis Essay Augustus had listen to the poor people and had supported them. He also tended to back the established classes as the basis of his system. Augustus, around 19 BC, started to witness some social occasions. He encouraged marriage, regulated penalties for adultery, and reduces extravagance. In 17 BC there were glorious celebrations of ancient ritual. This was known

Motif of a Mule in There Eyes Were Watching God free essay sample

The Motif of a Mule In Zora Neale Hurston’s Their Eyes Were Watching God, there is a continuous comparison between Janie and mules. Throughout Janie’s life, she has been viewed as a domesticated animal and treated like one. The author uses a motif of a mule to show the roles that Janie played in each of her relationships and how despite her struggles, she is eventually able to break free of her mule status. Nanny is the first character who implanted the mule status on Janie. In Nanny’s opinion, white people will always rule the world and give black people all the hard work to do. She explains that black women are stuck with the load and considered the mules. She says, â€Å"De nigger woman is de mule uh de world so fur as Ah can see† (14). In the end, Nanny just wants the best for Janie and wants to prevent her from becoming a mule by forcing her to marry the wealthy property owner, Logan Killicks. We will write a custom essay sample on Motif of a Mule in There Eyes Were Watching God or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although Logan Killicks has good intentions, he did not offer Janie the love and romance that she desired. Eventually, Logan begins oppressing Janie with work and labor; he starts treating her like a mule instead of a wife. He expects his wife to pick up his slack and burden. This is exemplified when Janie will not help Logan with the outdoor work and she explains to him that he has his place (the farm) and she has her place (the kitchen). In reply to this, Logan says, â€Å"You ain’t got no particular place. It’s wherever Ah need yuh† (31). Overall, the motif of the mule is used to describe the role Janie plays in her first marriage. In time, Janie leaves Logan Killicks for Joe Starks, who seems to be everything Logan is not. In the beginning things seem wonderful between the new married couple; however, after a while, Joe Sparks begins controlling Janie. Janie’s new husband doesn’t allow her to have a voice, and he just wants her to be his beautiful trophy wife. In this sense, Janie and Matt Bonner’s mule are exploited in similar ways. In the novel, Joe Sparks claims to purchase the mule to free it from abuse and Janie praises him for this. However, his real motive for buying the mule is to boost his reputation in the community. The mule is just a prize that Sparks keeps in front of the store, just like the way Janie is placed on display. Unlike her other two husbands, Tea Cake does not treat Janie as if she is a mule. With Tea Cake, Janie is able to break away from the boundaries placed upon her by society and be an individual who is not associated with a mule. Instead of forcing her to work the fields as a mule, or serve as a display like one, Tea Cake treats her respectfully and teaches her many new things. Her third husband encourages her to be an individual and views her as an equal, not as a mule. Thus, the motif of a mule is used throughout Their Eyes Were Watching God to display Jane’s character under the dominant men in her life. In each relationship, Janie is like a mule in the way she acts and is controlled. Finally, Jane is fortunate enough to meet Tea Cake who helps her to break free from her boundaries and be an individual.

University of Scranton Admissions Data

University of Scranton Admissions Data Are you interested in attending the University of Scranton? They accept almost three-quarters of all applicants. See more about their admissions requirements. Founded in 1888, the University of Scranton is a well-regarded Jesuit university located in Scranton, Pennsylvania. The University of Scranton has an impressive 11 to 1 student/faculty ratio, and the school has been recognized by U.S. News World Report for its commitment to teaching. At the undergraduate level, both health and business fields are quite popular. The university is committed to service, and each year more the 2,850 students perform 170,000 hours of community service. The University of Scranton has high retention and graduation rates, and an impressive number of students go on to graduate school. On the athletic front, the Scranton Royals compete in the NCAA Division III Landmark Conference. Will you get in? Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) University of Scranton Acceptance Rate: 75Â  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Scranton AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 510 / 600SAT Math: 520 / 620What these SAT numbers meanSAT comparison for Catholic collegesACT Composite: 23Â  / 28What these ACT numbers meanACT comparison for Catholic colleges Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 5,380Â  (3,867 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41Â  percent Male / 59 percent Female95 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $42,162Books: $1,300 (why so much?)Room and Board: $14,264Other Expenses: $1,868Total Cost: $59,594 University of Scranton Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of Students Receiving Aid: 96 percentPercentage of Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 94 percentLoans: 70Â  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $23,035Loans: $8,637 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminal Justice Studies, Elementary Education, English, Exercise Science, Finance, Human Services, Marketing, Nursing, Political Science, Psychology What major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 87Â  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 72 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 79Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Lacrosse, Swimming, Soccer, Baseball, Basketball, Wrestling, Golf, Tennis, Track and FieldWomens Sports: Basketball, Field Hockey, Softball, Swimming, Tennis, Volleyball, Track and Field If You Like the University of Scranton, You May Also Like These Schools Villanova University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDrexel University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSaint Josephs University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Delaware: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMarist College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStony Brook University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFairfield University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDuquesne University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTemple University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLoyola University Maryland: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph University of Scranton Mission Statement mission statement from the University of Scranton website The University of Scranton is a Catholic and Jesuit university animated by the spiritual vision and the tradition of excellence characteristic of the Society of Jesus and those who share in its way of proceeding. The University is a community dedicated to the freedom of inquiry and personal development fundamental to the growth in wisdom and integrity of all who share in its life. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Law and Intellectual Property Memorandum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Law and Intellectual Property Memorandum - Essay Example Yes, Mr. Kenobi is entitled to a fair royalty from Jedi and he also could seek a court injunction requiring his pictures to be removed from Jedi’s website until the royalty is received. Since i) Mr. Kenobi can prove that the pictures are his and ii) Jedi did digitally copy the pictures intentionally by deliberately uploading them onto Emperor’s server, this constitutes primary infringement. No, Mr. Kenobi is not entitled to any damages or royalties from Emperor. Since Empire is only providing a hosting service for Jedi’s website, Emperor did not directly nor intentionally copy the pictures, it simply received a copy of the pictures from Jedi through the rendering of a hosting service. This only constitutes secondary infringement and there was no intent to copy. Probably, Empire is liable to Jedi for the fair market value of the secret formula, unless specific damages had been outlined in the contract between them. Since Empire did not copy the information directly, it does not constitute primary infringement. Although it did inadvertently provide the means for others to do so, Empire did not have any intention of copying, therefore it does not constitute secondary infringement either. However, the data was explicitly labeled as confidential by Jedi and Empire was negligent in protecting the confidentiality of the data. Yes, Jedi is entitled to a fair royalty from its competitors for use of their unregistered design right and could also seek a court injunction to not only prevent the further illegal use of their secret formula but also have all products where their secret formula was illegally used recalled until the royalty is received. This office is considering possible liability between Jedi, Emperor, and Mr. Kenobi. Jedi has posted on its website (hosted by Empire) pictures reputed to belong to Mr. Kenobi.  Ã‚  

School Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

School Report - Case Study Example Latin students total up to 10% (NYC department of education). The teachers that make up the staff have different levels of qualifications and varying levels of the experience. Only 38% of the teachers are those having masters or the doctorate degree, according to the statistics of the year 2007. In terms of experience; only 15% of the teachers are having three years of experience. In this case the school administration has to work on increasingly hiring the teachers with higher qualifications as doctorate and masters qualifications. The teachers with greater experiences have to be given priority over the teachers with lesser experiences' as in the end it effects the students' learning process. The progress in the case of teaching the subjects as maths and English is positive. In the case of the students' performance, average 60% of the students performed greater than the third level in the subject of English. Average 80% of the students performed greater than the third level in maths. In science 78% of the students performed well. The better performing number of students can be increased by in taking highly qualified teachers. So the better performance is noticed in the case of maths only although other subject need more work (NYC department of education). The enrollment number of the students, including the special students' enrollment has decreased over the years. This shows that the parents are more concerned about getting their children admitted in better schools with better teachers as the parents rely on those schools having the better and higher qualified staff (insideschools.org). The attendance of the students is almost the same that is around 93%. This is the only point where the school administration has been performing very well. Overall, the number of the female students is slightly greater as compared to the male students. In mathematics and English language the special students perform very better as compared to the other racial groups. In the English language subject learning, 64% of the special students out of all the racial group students performed well. In the subject of maths same was the case noticed that 44% of the special education students performed well as compared to the 28% of the black students performance in the same case (insideschools.org). In addition to the reports, there was a survey that was conducted. Out of all the parents 25% of the parents participated with 35 teachers making up 48%. Since the last year the scores in different aspects has increased which include the Academic Expectations, Communication and Safety and Respect. In every case, the satisfactions from the parents and the teachers were higher and it was above 50%. However in the case of safety and respect the school needs some work to be done. Students' suspensions have increased over the years. The satisfaction ratio of the parents and the teachers is very less which means that the discipline has to be maintained better than before. The major concern for the school should be to make changes in the ways they control the students in a disciplinary manner (NYC department of education). In the case of communication where the school administration makes the students and their parents aware of the new changes being implemented on the school's environment

Composite case Memo(The Final Installment) Study

Composite Memo(The Final Installment) - Case Study Example The purpose of this memorandum is to correct errors and help Composite Manufacturing Company see the benefits of having an accountant. All figures discussed are in the thousands. Composite Manufacturing Company’s net sales were adjusted from $9,750 to $7,954. The reason for this discrepancy is mainly the mislabeling of revenue. Mr. Little used volume discounts, settlements, grants, and reverse revenue recognition as sales. These items are not sales. The costs of goods sold went from $6,121 to $5,812. The reasons were to reverse the sale to Anjinu, reverse the entry of unsalvageable inventory as COGS, and to reverse the entry that recorded a sale to affiliate. Operating expenses were not changed. Other expenses were changed due to impairment loss regarding unsalvageable RM, losses on leasehold improvements that are no longer useful, switching net sales recognition to recognition of a gain, a loss in the proper period in which it was incurred. This made the amount balance negative. Liabilities and stockholders’ equity were adjusted as well. The adjustments made for Composite Manufacturing Company’s financial statement made the company’s net income of $554 to a negative balance of $592. This was due to the improper classifying of revenue. While the $1,146 does not seem like a significant amount to mislabel, to stockholders the negative balance might cause worries. The corrections give the stockholders a better idea of the position the company is in, financially speaking. If the unadjusted financial report had been given to stockholders, the Composite Manufacturing Company could be sued later on for fraud. Since the company has had a lawsuit over their product, more time might be given to the design. The idea is ingenious and green. However, all of the problems must be dealt with in order for this company to go

History of Food Preservation Methods

History of Food Preservation Methods Yasmine Dabash The Sustainment of Foodstuffs Over the Years Isn’t it nice to go home and microwave a frozen TV dinner after a long day of work? Without the invention of food preserving technologies such as the refrigerator or the freezer, such would have never been possible.This is because both technology and science are interdependent on one another. Since ancient times, food has been preserved in a number of ways including refrigerating and heating, drying and salting, and canning and jarring. Over the centuries, the human race has been equipped with superior knowledge thus enabling us to continually improve technology. It is common to see technology morph to adequately fit updated knowledge, A common example of this is cell phones which often update with more features in more condensed models. Food preservation today is the result of many hundreds of years’ worth of work towards the sustainment of foodstuffs. Most mediocre households contain a refrigeration and freezer unit which is used daily to preserve foods for an allotment of time. Refrigeration has a particularly long history’ for many centuries, people would carve large blocks of ice from nearby fresh water sources and put it iceboxes, which they used to keep their food cool. Even today in remote Amish-culture societies, people use this technique of refrigeration. Around the same time, people would store their produce in 30-40Â °F root cellars. It wasn’t until 1918 that the first Frigidaire was created then mass produced. Then twelve years later, the eco-friendly, Freon-less refrigerator model we used today, patented by Albert Einstein and a colleague, was introduced. (findingdulcinea.com) Twoother modes of food preservation which have a long history, primarily in hot climates of the world include drying and salting. The methods of drying and salting to preserve fish, meat, and vegetables were been predominate in dry, hot climates (ie. the southern states of America) for hundreds of years. One of the most common ways of curing meat is salting, which has been carried out since ancient times by packing meat in heavy amounts of salt in barrels; this method of meat preservation was not replaced until the times of advanced freezing and refrigeration. Drying meat, another popular mode of meat curing, has a goal of simply evaporating the liquid content of the meat. This is because microorganisms need a certain amount of moisture to survive in an environment, so by removing the water content from the meat you are thus making the meat unlivable for the bacteria which causes spoilage. (fao.org) This is also the same reason dried fruits (raisins, dried apricots, Craisins, etc.) last a longer time than its fresh form. Food can be preserved for long term storage through the methods of canning and jarring. By canning and jarring food you are sterilizing then inhibiting bacterial growth in the food, therefore lengthening the longevity of the food’s shelf life by far. Usually vegetables and meats are packages in sealed tin cans rather than jarred; some common examples of canned foods are corn, tuna, processed beef, and soup. Jarring is also a ordinary way of conserving pickles, jams and jellies, baby food, and tomato sauce. Fermenting foods by storing them in a vinegar and salt brine within a sterilized glass jar is called pickling. Pickling is an endeavor practiced to preserve mainly vegetables (most commonly cucumbers). Unfortunately this method increases the salt content and lowers the vitamin content of the foodstuffs preserved. Preservatives can often times be added to foods to foods to make them last longer. Sometimes, when processing foods, preservatives are added to help conserve the foods by killing bacteria or slowing bacteria activity. These preservatives come in four major categories; benzoates, nitrites, sulfites, and sorbic acid. Sodium benzoate is a salt commonly combined with acidic and carbonated products including juices, sodas, salad dressings, and others. Sodium nitrate, although controversial now, is a naturally occurring food preservative found in salt, sugar, vinegar, and alcohol. Sulfites, although banned from fresh, raw eaten produce, is used when preserving dried fruits and dried potato products. Sorbic acid is the most used food preservative in the industry as it is considered the safest of the four common preservatives. It is known to prevent the growth of fungi, yeast, and mold. Sometimes preservatives are dismissed and limited by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to improve the overall health of our foods, which is the number one concern when it comes to food and food preservation. There are a variety of organizations and universities that support and research into the study of food preservation. The National Center for Home Food Preservation, based at the University of Georgia, primarily focuses on the preservation of produce and what safety regulations and methods should be carried out to ensure safe, convenient preserved foods both domestically and industrially (nchfp.uga.edu). Even the most unexpected can contribute to a cause; the United States Atomic Energy Commission majorly brought the rise to the use of irradiation to preserve food, especially for NASA (The NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration) astronauts to eat whilst in space. Although it may seem ridiculous, the Mayflower Trading company is the largest online store for long-lasting, storable foods, emergency preparedness, and alternative power. It may seem like the go-to site for the impending zombie apocalypse but its contributions towards the longevity of preserved foods (mainly canned) are remarkable. On the topic of contributions to the field of food preservation, there is a whole list of remarkable indiv iduals who have majorly impacted food preservation as we know it. Many people have contributed to food preservation as will including the renowned Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur created the method of pasteurization which ensures the sterility and safety of our milk and other milk products even today. Nicolas Appert might as well be known as the ‘Father of Jarring’. Nicolas Appert came up with the concept that by heating and sterilizing a product then placing the substance in a sterilized, air-tight jar would make is long-lasting and sterile after a decade of experimentation in the hopes that he would gain recognition by Napoleon for his works. Napoleon awarded Appert with a good deal of money for his findings and used this new knowledge to his advantage by sending sterilized, preserved foods with his armies. Another recent man to make his name in history for contributing to food preservation was Daniel Farkas, a former food scientist. Farkas discovered high-pressure preservation which kills bacteria and pathogens. This method of preservi ng food is also known as pascalization and bridgemanization (oregonstate.edu). Over time, methods of food preservation have improved vastly to conform to our modernized world. Now more than ever we are able to store foods for years upon years without it going rancid. Plus, it I simple to use and effective, it is easy enough to store your food in the refrigerator, whereas in the eighteenth century you would hve to keep your food in an iebox outside of your house. Even so, Food producers should aim toward maintaining not only the food itself but also its nutritional value. Most means of food preservation, such as pickling, salting, and freezing diminish the nutrition of the food you eat. The more fresh foods we eat, the closer we may become to optimum health; hopefully in years to come we will be able to not only conserve food but also nutrients.

Das Projekt einer globalen Ethik und die afrikanische Philosophie :: German Essays

Das Projekt einer globalen Ethik und die afrikanische Philosophie ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Die Frage nach einer globalen Ethik stellt sich heute verschà ¤rft unfgrund der neuen Qualità ¤t gegenseitiger Abhà ¤ngigkeit der einzelnen Staaten und Regionen beruhend auf einer eng verknà ¼pften Weltwirtschaft und dem weltumspannenden Netz modernen Kommunikationssysteme. Diese Verknà ¼pfung zeigt sich am deutlichsten in der Vernetzung transnationaler Konzerne, deren Produktionsstà ¤tten nicht mehr an nationale Territorien gebunden sind. Die Entstehung einer globalen Interdependenz hà ¤ngt jedoch nicht nur mit à ¶konomischen Entwicklungen oder der neuen Effizienz der Kommunikationstechniken zusammen, sondern auch mit der in diesem Jahrhundert entstandenen Mà ¶glichkeit einer à ¶kologischen oder milità ¤rischen Selbstzerstà ¶rung der Erde durch den Menschen. I. Einleitung Die Frage nach einer globalen Ethik stellt sich heute verschà ¤rft aufgrund der neuen Qualità ¤t gegenseitiger Abhà ¤ngigkeit der einzelnen Staaten und Regionen beruhend auf einer eng verknà ¼pften Weltwirtschaft und dem weltumspannenden Netz moderner Kommunikationssysteme. Diese Verknà ¼pfung zeigt sich am deutlichsten in der Vernetzung transnationaler Konzerne, deren Produktionsstà ¤tten nicht mehr an nationale Territorien gebunden sind. Die Entstehung einer globalen Interdependenz hà ¤ngt jedoch nicht nur mit à ¶konomischen Entwicklungen oder der neuen Effizienz der Kommunikationstechniken zusammen, sondern auch mit der in diesem Jahrhundert entstandenen Mà ¶glichkeit einer à ¶kologischen oder milità ¤rischen Selbstzerstà ¶rung der Erde durch den Menschen. Oder wie der deutsche Philosoph Karl-Otto Apel es ausdrà ¼ckt: „... das Bedà ¼rfnis nach einer universalen, d.h. fà ¼r die menschliche Gesellschaft insgesamt verbindlichen Ethik [war] noch nie so dringend, wie in unserem Zeitalter einer durch die technologischen Konsequenzen der Wissenschaft hergestellten planetaren Einheitszivilisation."(1) Aus der Notwendigkeit einer solchen Ethik kann aber noch nicht auf deren Mà ¶glichkeit geschlossen werden. Deshalb scheint mir die Frage nach der Mà ¶glichkeit einer globalen Ethik zu den wichtigsten unserer Zeit zu gehà ¶ren. Verschiedene Ethikprojekte, wie die Diskursethik in Deutschland oder die Befreiungsethik in Lateinamerika, haben nun den Versuch unternommen, eine Ethik mit Anspruch auf universale Gà ¼ltigkeit zu begrà ¼nden, die kulturelle, religià ¶se, politische etc. Unterschiede transzendiert. Solche Projekte mà ¼ssen einer grà ¼ndlichen Prà ¼fung unterzogen werden, wozu vor allem auch eine intersubjektive ÃÅ"berprà ¼fung von Vertretern unterschiedlicher kultureller Kontexte gehà ¶rt. Meine These ist, daß eine Ethik solange keinen Anspruch auf universale Gà ¼ltigkeit erheben kann, solange sie nicht einer interkulturellen Prà ¼fung unterzogen wurde, oder wie der à ¶sterreichische Philosoph Franz Wimmer es formuliert:„... halte keine philosophische These fà ¼r gut begrà ¼ndet, an deren Zustandekommen nur Menschen einer einzigen kulturellen Tradition beteiligt waren."(2) Dieser „kategorische Imperativ" der interkulturellen Philosophie ist natà ¼rlich kein ausreichendes Kriterium zur Bestimmung des Wahrheitscharakters einer Theorie, aber wohl ein unverzichtbares. In einer solchen „interkulturellen Prà ¼fung" sollen Theorien auf ihre Relevanz fà ¼r verschiedene Kontexte und Orientierungssysteme hin geprà ¼ft und mit anderen Theorien aus anderen Kontexten konfrontiert werden.

Gender Discrimination Essay

Laws on woman’s rights have changed a lot since the 1900’s. Women weren’t allowed to vote, get an education, and have high authority in jobs. Now, women are allowed to do all of these things and more. But have things really changed, or are they just more hidden? There are three ways in which women are discriminated against: in the workplace, television, and in politics. According to Napoleon Bonaparte â€Å"Nature intended women to be our slaves they are our property. Woman are nothing but machines for bearing children. Even though Napoleon is dead, and has been for a while now, this way of viewing women is very much alive. Why is it that woman are paid less than men for doing the same jobs? For example, a male professional basketball player gets paid way more than a woman. A 2008 study of 63 countries shows that a woman in the same job as a man with the same responsibilities is paid 10% to 15. 6% less then the man. Television plays a big part on the way that our country views woman. For example, in a commercial for pizza bites you see a women coming home from the grocery store with pizza bites, and making them for her children. Why is it that a man is never shown in the kitchen cooking for his children? Another example is on the show George Lopez. George manages an airplane parts factory, while his wife is a stay at home mom. The only thing you ever see her doing in this show is cooking, taking care of her kid, or arguing with her mother-in-law. In conclusion, women are stereotyped when cast for television roles. Television only shows woman, cleaning cooking, or taking care of their children. When it come to politics people can be very unwilling to change. For example we have never had a woman vice president or president. Each time we have a women run for president, I become more aware of gender discrimination in this country. Men will not vote for a woman candidate simply because she’s a woman. I had once seen a shirt stating: â€Å"No women will ever be president because: 1. No woman is a man. 2. See rule 1†. There has never been a women president because men in politics who vote are so unwilling to make a decision without discriminating against woman. Until America changes as a whole discrimination against woman will continue. Even though we women would like to believe otherwise they are still discriminated against: in the workplace, television, and in politics. The only way for women to be truly equal in this country is for women to get the same salary as men in careers, television to stop stereotyping women, and for America as a whole to change the way they view women, and the way they teach their children about the roles of women in society. Until this happens, women will always be discriminated against.

Religions Essays - Monotheistic Religions, Abrahamic Religions

Religions Essays - Monotheistic Religions, Abrahamic Religions Religions Christianity was traditionally understood to be founded by Jesus of Nazareth. Paul of Tarsus, after his conversion on the road to Damascus, worked tirelessly to establish Christianity among both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles of the Diaspora. Clues in the New Testament indicate that there was a significant rift between Paul and the Jewish leadership early in the history of the Church. It is primarily Paul's writings which has most influenced the Church today. Christians span the globe and are present on all the inhabited continents and in most of the world's societies. As Christianity is a universalizing religion, it embraces all nations and peoples. Major Teachings: Most Christian denominations and sects teach that man is sinful and can never inherit eternal life in the presence of God as a result of the sins of our first parents, Adam and Eve,as well as our own personal sin. It thus became necessary for God to become man in the person of Jesus Christ who as the Son of God was sinless and unblemished. His purpose was to suffer and die in atonement for the sins of all who accept his sacrifice for sin. Individual salvation is dependent upon the acceptance of this atonement. The Church is the Bride of Christ whose purpose is to spread this message, the Gospel, to all people before Christ's return to the earth to rule all nations as the heir to the throne of David. This is primary message of most Christians. Other sects will have variations on this message, and may include many other doctrines they find necessary to their own message or purpose. Scriptures and Other Significant Writings: The New Testament together with the Jewish Bible make up the canon of Christianity. The Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox branches of Christianity also include books in their canons that many Protestants do not, called the Apocrypha or the Deuterocanonicals. Also important are the writings of the early church fathers and early church councils, which established much of the doctrine now considered dogma in the Church today. As of 1986, at least one book of the Christian Bible has been translated into 1,848 languages of the world. A book has been compiled by the United Bible Societies which lists languages alphabetically, chronologically, and geographically Of the present missionary efforts by many of Christianity's sects, biblical translation is just one of many. Symbols: The most well known symbol of Christianity is the cross, or crucifix, symbol of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. An ancient symbol of Christianity is the fish formed by two intersecting arcs. Often the Greek word for fish, IXTHYS, appears within being an acronym for Jesus Christ God's Son. Major Divisions: The three major branches of Christianity are Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Protestantism. There are, arguably, other sects such as Mormonism claiming this distinction due to major departures from orthodox doctrines. Major Holy Days: Although the differing divisions and sects of Christianity may celebrate differing holidays, place emphasis on certain holidays rather than others, or may use a differing calendar, the major holy days of Christianity are: Lent, Easter, Advent, and Christmas The Details about Christianity: Christianity arose as an obscure Jewish sect, and through the dedicated missionary efforts of such persons as the Apostle Paul was distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. Church tradition suggests that each of the remaining Apostles of Jesus taught in such diverse places as the British Isles and India. After years of official persecution by the Roman Empire, Christianity was embraced as the state religion by Emperor Constantine.Several important church councils were held during this time period to decide on controversies over doctrine. Eventually, the decisions of these councils provided guidelines to determine orthodoxy or heresy. The many divisions and sects now found in Christianity today has been the result of opinions which differed from the established doctrine. The Geography of Christianity: Christianity has greatly influenced the geography of medieval Europe, and later, the rest of the world due to colonization and missionary efforts. Perhaps the most significant contribution of Christianity was the reorganization of Europe from pagan bands and villages into the centrally organized holds of feudal Europe. This reorganization was patterned after the ecclesiastical hierarchy envisioned by the Church and set the stage for all that was to come in the future. Monasteries were set up throughout Europe as either destinations or as waystations for pilgrimages. Monasteries became the repositories of civilization, learning, and often wealth. The Church provided sanction and divine recognition for governments of the day in the form of Divine Right. The Church was responsible for the ordination of kings and often arbitrated disputes over territory. Until the Reformation, the Church was a power to be

Essay on Just War

Essay on Just War Essay on Just War Essay on Just WarThe concept of the â€Å"Just War† is controversial. On the one hand, the war implies injustice, because parties involved in the war use extreme violence and often military actions result in casualties among civilians. On the other hand, the concept of just war implies that the war may start for a good reason, which is morally justifiable, that makes the war just. For instance, the prevention of genocide is a morally reasonable cause to launch the war and such war may be viewed as just. Hence, the war can be justified if the war has good intentions or matches existing moral or ethical rules (McMahan, 2013). However, such a view on the concept of just war stands on the deontological ground because it pursues the idea that the war may be just if it adheres to existing moral norms and rules, including the possible protection of human rights, response to aggression and other issues. Alternatively there are other views on the concept of just war which have a differ ent theoretical background. For instance, the utilitarian theory views the just war as the war that pursues the common good, while the egoist theory implies that the just war pursues individual needs of certain countries. Therefore, the concept of just war may be viewed from different perspective but the problem is that there is no universal explanation of this concept that could offer a plausible explanation of the concept of the just war without the risk of confronting severe and just criticism.Many proponents of the concept of just war (McMahan, 2013), including those, who stand on the deontological ground, insist that the war is just, when it is conducted in accordance to moral norms and standards that imply the protection of human rights as one of major duties of the civil society. For instance, the war may be just when it protects the population of a country from the violation of their basic human rights by an authoritarian government or when the army of one country is used to conduct the genocide of an ethnic group.However, the borderline between the just war and unjust war is very fragile, because the use of military forces leads to casualties, destructions, or even crimes against humanity. In such a situation, the question concerning the boundary of the just war rises. In case of the just war from the deonotological perspective the major question that arises is how to keep all actions of the military during the war morally correct. For instance, if the military operation conducted to prevent the genocide results in the death of civilians because of the erroneous targeting of an airstrike, then such action is morally wrong that means the this part of the military operation is morally wrong and unjust. However, if a part of the war is unjust, can the entire war be just then? Such problems may arise among all parties involved in the war. Consequently, the practical application of the concept of just war is very difficult and just war is rather hypothetic al or abstract concept that does not exist in the real life.Furthermore, the concept of just war may not always be applicable because totally different cultures have different moral norms and values (Mosser, 2013). Therefore, one culture may perceive actions of a party in the war as just, whereas another party may perceive those actions as unjust that makes the war unjust. In such a way, the development of the concept of the just war is possible only on the condition of the elaboration of universal cultural norms and values which allow assessing actions of parties involved in the war to determine whether the war is just or not, but, in the real world, such agreement between representatives of different cultures is virtually impossible.Alternatively, the concept of the just war may be viewed from the utilitarian perspective. In such a context, the war may be viewed as just, if it matches the principle of utility. To put it more precisely, the war may be just, if it pursues interests of the majority and serves to the common good. For instance, if an ethnic minority rebels and the government uses the army to suppress the rebellion, the government serves to the interests of the majority and the fast suppression of the rebellion is good and justifiable because this will minimize casualties, before the conflict becomes large scale. However, such a view on the just war disregards interests and rights of individuals. In other words, the majority turns out to be always right and any crimes against humanity that may be committed in the course of the war are justifiable and morally correct as long as they serve to the common good, according to the utilitarian perspective.Furthermore, the concept of just war may be viewed from the standpoint of egoism which put interests of the self and its needs above all. In case of the just war, this means that the war may be just, if it serves to the interests of the self (Guthrie Quinlan, 2007). The self may be viewed not only at th e individual but also collective level. Countries may pursue its national interests, while starting a war. For instance, a country may launch a war to gain control over resources vitally important for the survival of the population of the country. Such war may be just from the egoist perspective (Crawford, 2003). However, there is still the question concerning the moral justifiability of such actions. For instance, the war for resources may be important but probably there are other options to meet national interests and the population of the country. For instance, the introduction of innovations can minimize the consumption of resources that will make the war unnecessary. In fact, the main drawback of the egoist view on the concept of just war is the disrespect to needs and interests of others. Egoism admits the possibility of the war on any reason as long as the war meets needs of certain country that launches the war (Mosser, 2013). However, such policy and justification of the wa r may result in extremely aggressive policies conducted by the government of a country. In such a situation, the government just has to find a plausible pretext for the war to make it just. The government just needs to find the reason for the war that will show that the country does need the war, while the refusal from the war will have devastating effects and will be harmful for the population of the country.Thus, the concept of just war is very controversial and the borderline between the just and unjust war is fragile and not always evident. Hypothetically, the deontological theory can justify the war, if the war is conducted in accordance to moral norms and rules, i.e. when actions of parties involved in the war match those moral norms and standards. However, such cases are exceptional since even if the reason for the war and goals parties pursue in the war may be fair and just, but means with the parties use are often unjust and contradict to moral norms and principles. Similar ly, the utilitarian theory also fails to provide the plausible explanation of the concept of the just war. The utilitarian theory develops the concept of the just war based on the principle of utility that makes the war just as long as it serves to the common good, but this theory disrespects interests and rights of individuals to the extent that their rights may be absolutely neglected but the war will remain just because it serves to the common good. Finally, the egoist theory makes the war just as long as it serves to individualistic needs and interests, but this theory fails to respect needs of others that also makes the egoist concept of the just war morally questionable.

Hong Kong Land Law (based on UK law) Coursework

Hong Kong Land Law (based on UK law) - Coursework Example The county court denied the landlord’s application declaring that it was a tenancy.3 The landlord appealed the county court’s decision and the Court of Appeal ruled that despite the right to exclusive occupation the agreement itself defined a license and reflected the intentions of the parties to create a license. The matter was appealed to the House of Lords with the result that the decision rendered by the Court of Appeal was reversed. The House of Lords ruled that a right to exclusive possession for a fixed term would be deemed a tenancy provided there were no special circumstances negating the tenancy and the parties’ intentions had no bearing on this presumption.4 Essentially, the ratio decidendi of Street v Mountford was that exclusive possession for a fixed time at a rent was a lease despite the parties’ express intentions and the form of the agreement. As Lord Templeman explained, distinguishing between a license and a tenancy/lease depends entirely upon the terms and conditions of occupation. Lord Templeman went on to say that: A license would arise if the agreement granted a right to occupy the land for a specific purpose, for instance the cutting go timber. However, if such a grant was merely incidental to a tenancy, it would be regarded as a lease rather than a mere license.6 Lord Templeman emphasised that the nature of the occupancy was therefore crucial for ascertaining whether or not upon a true construction of the agreement a license or a lease to occupy was granted. For example, previously in Abbeyfield (Harpenden) Society Ltd v Woods [1968] 1 WLR 374, the defendant was a lodger in an old folks’ home with all the added benefit of housekeeping, meals and other services outside of mere occupation of a room. In such a situation the occupant as lodger would be a licensee since all those benefits

Organizational Structures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Structures - Research Paper Example The transnational structure on the other hand incorporates the aspects of the two structures mentioned above in order to ensure its success locally and internationally (Claver-Cortes, Pertusa-Ortega and Molina-Azorin, 2012). A Worldwide Product Structure is more decentralized and hence encourages diversification and autonomy of the products being processed by a company. This encourages growth and creativity without constant nagging and blockages from the headquarters. This is the opposite of what happens in a Worldwide Area Structure which centralizes its powers on the headquarters hence making it hard for the other branches of the product in other areas to develop autonomy or even creativity. A company that would choose the first structure is the one that is adamant on diversification and it previously had its domestic structures being based on division of products. A company choosing the worldwide area structure is the one which values centralization and has a diversification degree that is too low (Hempel, Zhang and Han, 2012). One type is the divisional structure where a company is grouped in divisions that depend on the products and the geographical area. The advantage of this type of structure is that each geographical area gets the products that it uses mostly and hence ensuring that the sales remain high and the company’s product has a competitive edge in that geographical area. The other type of complex organizational structure is the matrix structure. This is complex because of the different type of matrix that are present and which largely depend on both the employees and the products. It works well and succeeds in companies where employees work in teams to promote their products. In case there is no team work, this structure does not work well. Claver-Cortes, E., Pertusa-Ortega, E. and Molina-Azorin, J. (July, 2012). â€Å"Characteristics of